The Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act

Section 1 of the 14th Amendment of the U. S. record affords due process to every item-by-item within its jurisdiction. This goes to face that whoever is in the U. S. territory, whether they ar here legally or illegally, are afforded due process of faithfulness.The Illegal immigration reform and Immigrant Responsibility locomote of 1996 (IIRIR) make way for transformations in the system of the US Immigration laws generally pertaining to the improvements and control of institution into the US, intensified enforcement and penalties of laws with regards to aliens in the region, restrictions against their employment and benefits, and another(prenominal) miscellaneous provisions. The immigration laws of today mess be enforce by the local and state police. They have the general federal agency to investigate and arrest violators of federal immigration statutes.In this manner, the people roll in the hay directly clutch the police in case they fishy any illegal alien in their vicinity and the local police can check into it. In fact, after the kinsfolk 11 bombings, there was a prompt detention of aliens suspected of terrorist activities or ties. (Malkin, 2002) unity agency that enforces immigration laws is the Department of home baseland Security. Among the major policy changes since 9/11 is that local and state law enforcement agencies, along with their federal counterparts, are being ask to use strict criteria in quest out and detaining illegal immigrants (Pluvoise-Fenton, 2003). terra incognita Absconder Apprehension hatchway involved entering the names of transient alien absconders into the FBIs National law-breaking Information Center database. It focused on absconders from a list of countries designated as terrorist backup states. These individuals became the subject of a nationwide exertion to apprehend them. The aim was for the immigration laws in the country to be better enforced as it were before. (Ziglar, 2004) It is therefore a w eapons platform designed to bag those people that were released from gyves and were initially apprehended for illegally entry.However, or else of being sent back to their home country, they were released with a date to show up in court. Having no legal condition whatsoever, these people simply did not show up, leaving the government to put up efforts on finding them. The S indorse is given to aliens who aid the US law enforcement in the investigation, arrest, and prosecution of criminals involved in illegal or terrorist activities. This was pursuant to The rampageous Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 which paved way for the creation of the S category in visas.If the immigrant gives certain randomness that is material to the success of the investigation, they then travel qualified to adjust the status of their immigration. character reference Malkin, Michelle, (September 2002). The Deportation Abyss It Aint Over Til the Alien Wins. Center for Immigration Studies. Statement of crowd together W. Ziglar to the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon The coupled States (January 26, 2004).

'Robert Rauschenberg\r'

'Robert Reassurances tie to the unit theme of the ordinary and how does he use ordinary objects within his contrivance whole kit and caboodle to arrive at works with depth, import and beauty? advance(a) and experimental in approach, contemporary American cunningist Robert Reassurances (1925-2008) has long been considered the pioneer of the red-brick art realism, spanning his late twentieth to primordial 21 SST century artistic race to the blurring and challenging of boundaries and distinctions between the artist, the art military personnel and the audience.By his combine exploration of multiple art forms Including motion-picture show, sculpture, photography, performance and screen-printing, much of Raucousnesss normal correspond the artists long held aim of transitioning subject be to ordinary and found materials, as nitty-gritty of questioning the alienation of everyday flavour in the approaches of the prominent artists and art styluss of his time.Particularly in a period of abstract expressionism where own(prenominal)ization and super emotionally charged works fuelled smell In the artists ideaualization being mainstay to the appreciation of their esteemive works, It Is by Raucousnesss study confrontation of the disconnect of the artists personal and circadian realities that enables his works to retain avian-garden in meaning and definition of artistic beauty, easing the audiences talent to interpret his works due to its oecumenic theme of the ordinary.Reassurances ability to manipulate and prehend mundane and Images of popular culture beyond Its contextual limitations notably lies In his mental home of the art form ‘combines, the hybrid of painting and sculpture that broke conventions of the artists examine. In contest of the recognized doctrine of medium specificity (an agent supported and endorsed by many art critics of his time), Robert Reassurances explicitly Juxtaposed two the AD and AD forms in such combines, pro viding the meta-narrative to his works by dint of the now theoretically boundless plane.Exemplified by one of his first combines, ‘Monogram (1955-1959), the compiling of a stuffed prat breaking through a found car critic upon a painting transcends into a construction of the artist himself, where despite the absurdity of the objects incorporated, their combination symbolism deciphers the works overall meaning and beauty. Where Raucousnesss emerging sexuality (I. E. Bisexuality) became subject to disapproval during the rand sasss, ‘Monogram translates such themes by appropriation of the goat as a scapegoat, re-conceptualizing the goat to its spectral and Christian counterpart.The tightly fitted tyro transcends into an parable of society and its demands, drawing upon the imagery of the chevvy eye in reflection of Raucousnesss inability to conform to the artistic demands of the mid 20th century art initiation, where the AD canvas base becomes appropriation of the ‘grazing land Reassurances both symbolically destroys and feeds off ambitious style of abstract expressionism, playing to his desire to â€Å"respect abstract expressionism enough not to counterpart it”, instead manipulating the vividness of the styles powerful strokes and mark-making to a thesis of violence integrated with the personal sphere as symbolizes by the bed.Using the methods of combines and its resulting concept of frames dimensions, Reassurances ‘Bed reverts the physical deeds customary purpose by being hung upon the wall as the canvas, sustain the objects re-conceptualization and subsequent transfer of meaning into the prototype of intimacy and the personal world. By the practice of combines, Reassurances exposes a lost and neglected road of interaction between the artist, the art world and the audience, effectively proposing and confirming the exponential opening move of art and its purpose in the world as a result of the internalisation of th e themes and identities associated with the ordinary.\r\n'

'History of disease Essay\r'

'In what federal agencys did the ground of the sermon of disease change in the historic period 1860-1945? The actionment of disease changed dramatic eithery in the years 1860-1845 due to the changes of how slew understand it, how each father such as Pasteur’s opens unexamp take doors, guide to other discoveries such Koch’s acknowledgment of germs, the conjuring trick bullet and uncovering of penicillin. this has encourage society to understand the ca physical exercises of disease, and the ways to attempt it. These discoveries began in the 1800s, where doctors at the time were merely beginning to speculate about germs and hemipterons with a new invention, the microscope. the microscope notify see what is lightless to human eye and it was good use for identifying micro organism as they were inc ablaze(p)ibly small. those doctors who believed germs existed thought they were the result of disease and non the cause of it, and this idea was called the spontaneous generation. further this was about to be proven wrong, in 1857 a wine maker bird louse Pasteur was the man that do a find that cogitateed germs to disease. His uncovering was made by accident when he was investigating why sugar measuring rod became sour unexpectedly. he prove that sugar beat ferment because of the germs carried in the air. the germs in the sugar beat infected by the air is eliminated by boiling it with fire, this is known as pasteurizing. although his experimental evidence supported his idea, wad at the time ref apply he’s belief. its desire saying to the community that i pay discovered a act onment for crab louse but they wouldn’t believe it because it wasn’t taken to account for. Pasteur’s discovery has made a huge curve to the intercession of medicinal dose. His work led to the discovery of vaccines for chicken cholera 1880, Anthrax 1881 and foolishness 1995. Furthermore, Robert Koch a German doc took Pasteur’s work a step further. He spend his work looking to link particular germs to particular diseases. His first major(ip) uncovering came in 1875 when he identify the microbe that causes the Anthrax disease.\r\nWith the development of technology, he discovered that there argon microbes that are preciously invisible to the human eye, sluice to the most powerful microscopes. because of this factor he veritable ways of grimeing the microbes with dishonors so he could see them, calculate the microbe’s rate of reproduction and their lifespan. His discovery of the identification of diametric bacterium and the different disease it caused was a huge breakthrough in checkup history and the arrest of the turnment of diseases, as his work proved that what really caused diseases was. This is a significance to medicine as he discovered 21 different germs causing diseases. in 1882 he discovered a germ that causes tuberculosis, 1883 a germ that caused cholera and these were one of the tip 3 deadliest diseases. this breakthrough paved way for other scientists to take up the contend and conduct inquiry leading to new discoveries as such. Koch’s assistant Emil Behring genuine the first anti toxin which could facilitate to deflower the poison spread from bacteria in the blood stream. This was used for the successful discussion of Diphtheria in 1891 one of the top deadliest diseases. This led to a German Jewish scientist and physician Paul Ehrlich who worked on Koch’s bacteriology research lab to take on a research during the 1890s on how certain dyes could stain certain bacteria and maybe find certain chemicals that can kill them. by 1914 his team had discovered several types of ‘magic bullets’, these different compounds would have a special(prenominal) attraction to special disease-causing microbe in the body and this would hit a specific germ (that has become visible because of a specific dye) and non damage an ything else in the enduring’s body. the magic bullets dye discovered were Methylene blue (for malaria), Trypan red (for sleeping sickness) and Salvarsan (for pox).\r\nThis was a huge medical breakthrough because this will allow other scientists to developed specific do drugss to mastermind specific germs, attacking the cause of the disease preferably than treating the symptoms. this is a significant discovery because it shows us an understanding on how bacteria behaves and how to treat a disease by localise and kill. this gave a broad idea of treating medicine because not only they can target and kill syphilis, malaria but they can do this for other diseases. As a result, in 1928 a bacteriologist Alexander Fleming while alter his cluttered lab noticed that a culture of Staphylococus aureas had become contaminated with lick in his Petri dish. This spurt was called Penicillium Notatum. The function was in a shape of a ring, and the area around it seemed to be vacate o f the bacteria staphylococcus. Fleming concluded that the bacteria on the plate around the ring had been killed pip by some substances that had come from chuck. He continued to experiment with the mould and raise out (in controlled experiments) that the mould killed harmful bacteria and appears to be non-toxic to humans or animals . This was a huge scientific breakthrough because the mould is nontoxic and can kill all kinds of bacteria; if it was stranded into a drug it can be used to treat patients. Unfortunately Fleming could not isolate the mould and could not make a usefule drug to treat humans. although he wrote his discovery in 1929 the science department remained uninterested. Not Until 12 years later a braces of young scientists Howard Florey and Ernst Chain, revisited and continued Fleming’s work as a way to help military effort in solid ground warfare 2, since a lot sol croakrs die in infections than gun wounds, something needful to be done. So in Oxford Unive rsity they finally isolated the bacteria-killing substance from mould. this creation has a huge significance in medical intercession because they have created the once known ‘ call into question drug’ that could kill harmful pathogens as such, that can possibly bring round syphilis gangrene pneumonia and tuberculosis.\r\nTo prove its potential it needed to be trialed on a human. In 1941 a doctor Charles Fletcher heard of their work. he had a patient who was near ending from an bacterial infection on wound. Fletcher used some of chain’s and Florey’s penicillin on the patient and the wound made a spectacular recovery. however the patient died a few weeks later because Fletcher did not put enough penicillin to eliminate tout ensemble the bacteria in the patient’s body. Despite this case, this had proven that penicillin could do what it’s made to do. the patient only died because he did not have enough penicillin, not that it did not work. Si nce a lot of people died in infections than gunshots in World War 2, they needed a drug that can effectively heal America’s soldiers. Florey then got the American drugs Company to set produced Penicillin before D-Day, so American soldiers on the front have enough penicillin to treat all infections that will be inflicted among the troops. This is a huge significance to medical treatment because not only they created a non toxic, bacteria killing drug, the drug can cure all bacterial based diseases such a syphilis , pneumonia and tuberculosis, since they can mass produce it the drug is therefore showy and can treat almost everyone. overall the understanding od disease and treatment developed greatly in the years treatment of disease change developed greatly in the years 1860-1945 as man were able to understand…\r\n'

'Membranes: Cell Membrane and Purple Dark\r'

' carrel membranes and Transport Hands-On research laboratorys, Inc. Version 42-0033-00-01 Lab everywherecompensate Assistant This document is not meant to be a substitute for a dress laboratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a stocky of the taste’s irre resolutenesss, diagrams if needed, and selective information t up to(p)s that should be addressed in a formal lab report. The intent is to facilitate students’ physical composition of lab reports by providing this information in an editable file which can be send to an instructor. practise of goods and services 1: Diffusion ObservationsData tabular array 1: Rate of dispersal in different temperatures| | ? C| Minutes| Temperature| signTemp. | InitialColor| 5| 10| 15| 20| 25| 30| 60| Cold| 3| unclouded| white| white| white| white| white| white| in the main white some blue| ambient| 25| white| blueish| a fall blue majesticness| blue discolor| blue purplish| discolor| purple| Dark purple| Hot| 96| white| purple| DARKpurpleple| Dark purple| Dark purple| Dark purple| Dark purple| Dark purple| Questions A. Write a one-paragraph analysis of the results for the procedure. exit reasons for the difference in the rate of diffusion at the different temperatures.The results of this lab were greatly influenced by the temperature of the KI solution. The bag pose in the heated solution began to veer color (from white to light purple) more or less immediately and flipd to minatory purple in spite of appearance 7 transactions. The second bag in live temp. solution took about 5 minutes to see a urbane deepen in color (from white to light blue) and about 20 to turn dark purple. The third bag in the wintry temp. solution barely changed color at all at the end of the time of day (bluish tint. ) According to the text (p. 68), â€Å" Because the driving shove for diffusion is the kinetic energy of the olecules themselves. The run of diffusion is influenced by molecular si ze ( the smaller, the faster) and by temperature ( the warmer, the faster). ” Through this lab sample we were able to see that diffusion did witness faster in the warm pee by seeing the fastest change in color of the contents inner(a) the baggie. B. Did the sizes of the molecules affect their movement? Yes, the smaller the molecules (KI) were able to circularize thru the bag where as the deep molecules ( urine) and corn start could not permeate thru the membrane bag due to their large size. C.Give an example of diffusion among: a solid and a liquid; a gas and a liquid; between two different solids. (solid/solid) Gold and lead- over time, molecules of lead go out diffuse into the currency and vice versa. (solid/liquid) Sugar and water- Sugar volition dissolve in water. (Gas/liquid)Perfume and air- the scent will spread. Exercise 2: Osmosis Observations DataTable 2: white stump spud Mass| Contents in TestTube| Initial Mass of Two Potato Strips| closing Mass of Two Strips| MassDifference| % pitch inMass| affiliate Average Percent Change in Mass (if available)| a) Distilled peeing| 3. g| 5g| 1. 4| 38%| | b) 1. 0 M sucrose| 3. 4g| 2. 1g| -1. 3| -38%| | c) 0. 8 M sucrose| 3. 6g| 2. 1g| -1. 5| 42%| | d) 0. 6 M sucrose| 3. 5g| 2. 6g| -. 9| -25%| | e) 0. 4 M sucrose| 3. 5g| 3g| -. 5| -14%| | f) 0. 2 M Sucrose| 3. 4g| 3. 7g| . 3| 9%| | Questions A. diagnose how the potato cylinders changed in their turgidity. Identify which of the solutions were isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic in relation to the potato. a) Distilled Water| No change in turgidity. hypotonic solution. | b) 1. 0 M Sucrose| Very turgid. hypertonic solution. | ) 0. 8 M Sucrose| Turgid. hypertonic solution. | d) 0. 6 M Sucrose| moderately turgid. Hypertonic solution. | e) 0. 4 M Sucrose| Slighty turgid. Hypertonic solution. | f) 0. 2 M Sucrose| No change in turgidity. Hypotonic solution. | B. What would happen to a red gillyflower jail electric cell lay outd in distilled w ater? Why? Distilled water is a hypotonic solution which means in contains no solutes. According to the text (p. 72), â€Å"Cells placed in a hypotonic solution become up rapidly as water rushes into them. ” This means that a RBC would lastly pop. C.Create a graph of your examineal data by plotting the percent change in potato mass against sucrose molarity. pass judgment the x-axis as â€Å"Molarity of Sucrose,” and the y-axis as â€Å"% Change in Mass. ” D. Determine the molar closeness of the sucrose contained in the potato strips by using the graph created in question C. At the point where the molar dumbness of the sucrose in the potato would be isotonic to the sucrose, there would be no net change in the potato mass. On the graph, this is located at the 0% change. Draw a line from this place on the y-axis to intersect the line.From the line take a line down to the x-axis to date the molarity. Molar concentration of sucrose in potato = . 3 M Exercise 3 : The Effect of Solvents on Membrane System Observations Data Table 3: Color Intensity from Damaged beetroot Cells| TestTube| Solution Treatment| ColorIntensity0 †10| find out of Beet (turgid, flaccid, etc. )| a| 70% Isopropyl intoxicant| 10| Very flacid| b| 35% Isopropyl alcoholic beverage| 7| pliant| c| 17. 5% Isopropyl alcohol| 3| Less firm| d| Distilled Water| 0| Very firm. | Questions A. What is the reasoning cigaret the use of bollock whites?How does this part of the experiment relate to membranes? Egg whites would provide a lipid layer mimicking the cell membrane layer of a cell. Also egg white are largely undisturbed of water this would also mimic the cell membrane. B. What do the results of test tube e give out about the effect of isopropyl alcohol on egg whites? The effects of the alcohol on the on the egg whites were that it do the chunky as al closely if they had been cooked. C. What do the results of test tube f tell about the effect of isopropyl alcohol on oil?How does this relate to membranes? The oil sinks in relation to the alcohol. This is related to membranes due to the deliquescent and hydrophobic aspects. Lipids arrange so that the hydrophobic â€Å"tail” regions are isolated from the touch polar fluid, causing the more hydrophilic â€Å"head” regions to associate with the intracellular (cytosolic) and extracellular faces of the resulting bilayer. D. Based on the results from test tubes a through d, which of the solutions caused the most damage on the membrane system? Explain your answer.The solution with the high upest concentration of Isopropyl alcohol cause the most damage to the membrane because exposure to high concentration of organic solvents would disrupt membrane integrity. E. Using the same data sight method, develop a hypothesis and use the scientific method to design an experiment that would show the effect of temperature stress on membranes. Extreme temperatures, mainly -5? C and 70? C, will sig nificantly damage the cell membrane while the temperatures closer to dwell temperature will cause only slight damage, if any.\r\n'

'Hamlets Delay Essay\r'

'In William Shakespeargon’s â€Å" critical point”, the character critical point aspires to obscure his uncle and, in doing so, avenge his father. During effect I, photo V, hamlets father poses to him as a ghost. The ghost explains that Claudius, villages uncle, murdered him in put in to become superpower of Denmark and marry small towns mother, the poove of Denmark. The ghost of critical points father then asks village to overcome Claudius and pay off his mother olfactory sensation blameworthy for allowing his murder to happen. However, hamlet delays his acquirement of this goal for choke offgrounds that argon non without delay confronted in the play.\r\nThere argon umteen theories on the matter of wherefore small town continuously waits to avenge his fathers’ murder. Of these theories, the closely plausible is that juncture simply sp subverts too much(prenominal) cartridge clip debateing active how he bequeath act rather than i n reality fetching litigate. Hamlet conducts an oath at the end of Act I aspect â€Å"…thy commandment all alone shall sleep with within the book and volume of my wittiness…” meaning that all he will conjecture about is what the ghost has told him to do. The job is that, patch Hamlet does constantly think about what the ghost say, he does not do a commode about it.\r\nOne thing Hamlet does do is try to confirm that what the ghost said is true. In Act II, Scene II, Hamlet uses a play called â€Å"The Murder of Gonzago” to make Claudius look guilty or, as Hamlet says, â€Å"The plays the thing, wherein I’ll catch the conscience of the King. ” Hamlet does this by writing a dead speech for the beginning of the play. The speech is a complete recollection of how the ghost set forth his murder to Hamlet. Everything goes as planned and Claudius externally shows his guilt. Now Hamlet has all the attest he needs to kill his uncle.\r\nHowev er, Hamlet hushed does not take activity in Act ternion alone rather he thinks even more than. The release is that this time he is not act to form a plan against his uncle and is contemplating life in general. â€Å"Whether ’tis nobler in the headland to suffer the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, or to take arms against a sea of troubles. And by opposing end them. ” Hamlet proclaims while wondering if death would be mitigate than dealing with his problems. At this part in the play, Hamlet acts as if he has give up on planning to kill Claudius. In Act IV, Scene IV Hamlet reacquaints himself ith the goal of violent death his Uncle.\r\nHamlet meets with a messenger from Fortinbras, the prince of Nor dash, who says that the Norwegian soldiers is going to attack Poland for no reason other than retaining honour. Hamlet is taken back by the lack of motivation for action and is ashamed because he has a lot of motivation to kill Claudius and still has not taken action. At the end of Scene IV hamlet says â€Å"O, from this time forth, my thoughts be bloody, or be nobody worth! ” The implications of this sentence are that Hamlet had not thought about killing his Uncle very seriously in forward Acts.\r\nIn the scenes following Act IV Scene IV, Hamlet becomes more involuntary and acts without view more often than he used to and this leads to the accomplishment of his goals. One may argue that there are more plausible explanations than Hamlet over thinking everything. One argument could be that Hamlet was being deterred by things such as the Kings guards or by other exterior forces. If this was the case then Claudius would not throw off been able to kill the previous King so easily. Also, the only time guards are mentioned in the play are when they are outside guarding the walls rather than being individualized guards for the King at all times.\r\nWe poop see this in Act III Scene III when Claudius is praying. If he had g uards they would be somewhere close by most wish wellly at the door to whatsoever room Claudius was praying in. However, Hamlet was able to not only enter the room but be in a shoes where he would be able to kill Claudius if he had chosen to. Hamlet then leaves the room and, during all of this, not at one time are guards mentioned or heard from. other part of this theory states that Hamlet was waiting to have more proof out front he acted against Claudius.\r\nThis is why Hamlet puts unitedly the ruse to make his Uncle look guilty in Act II Scene II but, even after he has proved Claudius’s guilt, Hamlet neglects taking action. Instead, he continues to obey what Claudius tells him to do like getting on a channel to England. The theory that Hamlet is stopped by external obstacles is invalid because the obstacles stated are either non-existent in the beginning or are removed part way through the play. If we are only face at this theory, there is nothing left(p) to stop Hamlet and yet he does not act.\r\nOut of all the theories presented for why Hamlet delays his revenge I count the best choice is that he is overthinking everything. starting line from the beginning of the play, all he does is think about what he should be doing or how he should be doing it and there in reality is not anything stopping him from killing the King. For his plans to come to fruition, Hamlet needed to become motivate enough that he would act and not stop to think about what he was doing. With this narrow mindedness achieved, Hamlet was able to in the end kill the Claudius and avenge his father.\r\n'

'Capital Budgeting Essay\r'

'Introduction\r\nThe dissolve of this paper is to analyze and interpret the answers of the great(p) Budgeting Case. I will discuss my preachation about which Corporation and investor should use up found on the quantitative reasoning. I overly will describe the relationship betwixt the net chip in value and the midland estimate of return for the two corporations that argon analyzed.\r\nCapital Budgeting Case\r\nA play along is planning in acquiring a new corporation and there are two options with the same personify of $250,000 plainly both with different 5-year projections of hard currency flows. The paygrade done to the two corporations (A and B) is base on the Net Present Value (NPV) and the immanent Rate of Return (IRR).\r\nThe net symbolise value represents the value the project or investiture adds to the investor wealth. The NPV method of capital budgeting suggests that all in all projects that have positive NPV should be sure because they would add value to the investment. On the sepa put hand, the internal rate of return is define as the brush off rate that equates the present value of a project’s specie inflows to its outflows. According to the internal rate of return method of capital budgeting, the investment should be accepted if their IRR is greater than the cost of capital.\r\nThe upshots for Corporation â€Å"A” shows a NPV of $20,979.20 based on shed notice rate of 10%. And, we got an IRR of 13.05% which means that is the discount rate that makes the NPV pair or close to $0.00. On the new(prenominal) hand, the Corporation â€Å"B” with a discount rate of 11% got a NPV of $40,251.47 and an IRR of 16.94%. A positive NPV is considered a good project, and we penury to choose the one with the highest NPV.\r\nTherefore, I would recommend acquiring the Company â€Å"B” because it has a higher(prenominal) NPV than the some other company. Corporation B will be giving us a current value cash ret urn of $40,251.47 above our 11% undeniable rate of return during the next 5 years. And, if we recalculate the NPV using the IRR of 16.94% it will result on an NPV close to $0.00.\r\nThe relationship amidst NPV and IRR is based on the discount rate used to bring up the cash flows to the present. For the case of Company â€Å"B”, with the discount rate of 11%, if we have a NPV of $0.00, our IRR will as well as be 11%. But, if our NPV is higher than $0.00, our IRR will be also higher than 11%. And, if we have a negative NPV, then our IRR will be less than 11%. In other words, the NPV and the IRR most of the time yield the same result of acceptance or rejection.\r\n end\r\nIn conclusion, the best recommendation is to acquire Company B because it will give us higher current set during the first 5 years and higher returns of the investment.\r\n'

'Color Imagery – The Great Gatsby Essay\r'

'Writers often persona a variety of literary devices in their literature to de none to the themes of their stories. imaging is s railcarcely one of the umpteen that ar use to create the structure for the literary pieces. Imagery can be employ to system images in the ratifier’s mind, good-hearted to the human senses. F. Scott Fitzgerald, the mind behind the American Modernist novel The Great Gatsby, uses a detail form of this literary device, which is food coloring resourcefulness, to lay d proclaim a more meaningful opthalmic experience for the reader. Patterns of trusdeucerthy colorise fight recurring themes in the story as a whole.\r\nIn The Great Gatsby, certain characters portray the significance of colors in the color theory. Jay Gatsby, Daisy Buchanan, and Jordan baker’s actions in the story prove this point finished their actions and their words. Fitzgerald’s story contains an aspect of wealthiness, and individu eithery character goes closely it in his or her own way, connecting back to the imagery the causation uses. By examining the intrust for queen, hearty possession, whoremonger, and deception, it is sportsmanlike that the colors scandalmongeringnessed and gilded atomic number 18 employ to represent these themes.\r\nFitzgerald’s color imagery is clear when yellow is used to describe situations of greed and the bank for post throughout the story. In The Great Gatsby, in that respect are several characters who wish to take away more, who are never satisfied with what they turn over. They die greedy, and their actions, as small as some(a) are, help to prove this. Daisy Buchanan is Jay Gatsby’s have it off interest in the story. However, it is known that she is unify to turkey cock Buchanan, and that they have a baby to pulsateher. The storyteller of the story, ding Carraway, describes tom turkey as an aggressive, arrogant, self-absorbed, man.\r\nHis aggressiveness leads h im to verbally and physically mistreat Daisy. One may believe that the better(p) situation would be for her to exactly lead Tom in order for her to have a better life. The thing is that Daisy cannot get herself to do that because she craves power and wealth. Daisy is observed by gouge, and is described as being â€Å"in white, her dress rippling and fluttering…” (8). When thought process of an actual daisy flower, it’s known that a daisy has white petals with a yellow center. In the story, Mrs. Buchanan is in a white dress, exhibiting naturalness and innocence, but the yellow inside all the way shows she is full of nothing but greed.\r\nShe remain with Tom, an abusive husband, because she enjoys having a rattling(a) life. Daisy does and so represent a daisy flower, with her true color, yellow, present through her actions. Along with Daisy, George Wilson subtly shows a desire for more in the story. consort to notch, George is â€Å"a blonde, spiritl ess man… and slightly handsome” (25). Mr. Wilson’s hair is blonde, which crossties with yellow in the story. When Tom Buchanan visits George in the valley of Ashes, the first gear thing he says to Tom is, â€Å"When are you going to sell me that car? ” (25).\r\nGeorge knows that Tom is a wealthy man, and although not being straightforward with it, George wants more than what he has with his dull life in the valley of Ashes. His blonde hair shows that because the author’s use of yellow shows the greed and the desire for power in the story. Fitzgerald applies his color imagery to The Great Gatsby in a in truth sophisticated way because he uses a single color to express fourfold ideas. non only do yellow and flamboyant display a hunger for more, but it also shows the material wealth that someone can have. As discussed earlier, Tom Buchanan and Daisy Buchanan lead lives of great affluence.\r\nThey live in the East Egg, the more extravagant of th e two Eggs, in Long Island, New York. As the fibber of the story observes the couple’s beautiful mansion, he says it has a â€Å" former broken by a delineate of French windows, glowing now with reflected specious and wide open to the warm, windy afternoon… (6). chip off’s portrayal of the luxurious Buchanan home and life using luxurious shows how the author uses the color to represent material possession. age Nick Carraway spends time describing the Buchanans’ affluence, his own material possession is also depicted.\r\nNick’s love interest in the story is a woman named Jordan Baker. He spends a significant amount of time with her, and recounts what kind of stuff they do together. At one of Gatsby’s great parties, Nick is with Jordan, when he says, â€Å"With Jordan’s slender booming arm resting in mine, we descended the steps and sauntered the tend” (43). Nick has Jordan Baker’s â€Å" specious arm” in his, which shows how he understandably sees her as some sort of moral prize, a possession of his. The gold is used to make Jordan Nick’s very(prenominal) own material possession.\r\nThat is how Fitzgerald expresses yellow and gold when relating to this theme. Misleading and being dishonest are two of the things that several characters do in The Great Gatsby to portray themselves as better, or just simply different. In this story, dishonesty and deception are expressed by the author. Many in the story peculiarity how Jay Gatsby became this extremely rich man. Mystery surrounds Mr. Gatsby, and it is erudite that it is his purpose to keep it a mystery. When he picks up Nick Carraway in his yellow Rolls-Royce he tells him some details about his origin.\r\nHowever, Nick is immediately suspicious of what Mr. Gatsby is sexual intercourse him in his yellow car. He tells Nick to be wary about what rumors he hears about Gatsby, and he tells him about Oxford and his status in th e military. Gatsby seems to be trying very hard to create an image of himself that simply is not accurate. Gatsby is so full of deception that Nick somehow â€Å"manages to restrain his disbelieving laughter” (66). The narrator knows for a item that something just does not add up, and this all happens in the luxurious yellow vehicle.\r\nWhile in the car, Gatsby is dishonest to Nick for the first time. He may have shown â€Å" certify”, but Nick knows that Gatsby is deceiving him in a way. Another character close to the narrator also displays very misleading behavior. Not unlike Daisy Buchanan, Jordan Baker is described as having a delicate white dress, do her seem like a pristine, fine object. Nevertheless, Nick also observes Miss Baker’s â€Å"autumn-leaf yellow hair” (17). The narrator learns that Jordan is not all that truthful when he realizes that she did not play fair in a gold tournament once.\r\nNick says, â€Å"At her first tough gold tourn ament there was a jot that she had moved her ball from a deadly lie in the semi-final round… she was incurably dishonest” (57-58). Her dishonesty ties back to the archives description of her yellow hair. All in all, the author clearly displays yellow as a color of deception and fraud. F. Scott Fitzgerald’s use of color imagery in The Great Gatsby not only makes a clear picture in the reader’s mind, but it also helps to relate to the broader themes of the whole story. He uses color patterns and attaches colors to certain images to craft a big idea using few words.\r\n more than specifically, the yellow and gold patterns portray the themes of greed, desire for power, material possession, and dishonesty. Daisy Buchanan wanting to keep her power despite having to stay with Tom, Nick’s prize in Jordan Baker, and Gatsby’s evident deception all fall under the color yellow. This again shows Fitzgerald’s triune ideas under a single color. T he many examples and patterns of one color are not coincidental, and that is why yellow and gold tie perfectly into the story in regards to representing themes and motifs in The Great Gatsby.\r\n'

'Stepper Motors and Servomotors\r'

'Stepper motors and servomechanicalmotors Motors ar the excess electrical devices that have been developed by the engineers for the conversion of energy from one abidance to another. Engineers have developed the science of motors to an end wherein they trick be hired for many applications and in several technologies. We would discuss the characteristics of both(prenominal) of the most normally employ types of motors, i. e. the exalted stepping motor motors and the servomotors. Both these motors serve dissimilar purposes and atomic number 18 used and employed for distinct reasons and different applications based on the need and the requirement.The stepper motors are those motors that work on the mutedtocks of the x/y axis coordinates and workings on the basis of a special(prenominal) torch, which can help in pointing at all the directions and the synchronization observed mingled with the two coordinates and axes of the motor puddles it simple to work. The vanqu ish characteristic of the stepper motor is that it offers heights-pitched dependability and not only reliability but also exhibits extremely high speed, thus making the operations often to a greater extent efficient. Numerous technologies make use of the stepper motors and that is because they are also inexpensive.Since these motors make sure that they don’t throw the steps, they give and lead to extremely high efficiency and output. The bes and efforts required for the charge and repair of these motors are also comparatively less. Servo motors are slightly different as compared to the stepper motors. They are truly the rotary actuators that help in gaining fatten up accuracy and precision for the purpose of commanding the angular position during the working of the motors. They are high performance motors and usually tack the stepper motors due to their high performances. superstar study advantage that the stepper motors have but servomotors don’t have is th at the stepper motors are comparatively cheaper than the servomotors and hence turn tail to be more employed and used. Servo motors are also usually bigger and heavier than the stepper motors and are hence used mostly for heavy machinery and big equipments. One thing that amazes users is the intelligence factor that can be embedded for the servomotors. Servomotors can be made interesting and much more automated with certain developments and coding.They are commonly use for different applications including that of robotics and automated manufacturing. By comparing both these types of motors, we see that they both have their own characteristics and their own pros and cons. though their working dynamics differ significantly, they still can be used at the same place. The final decision notwithstanding lies on the requirement and the need for the efficiency, cost and size of the motor. Industries make use of both these motor types very frequently. Reference impinging: http://classof1. com/homework-help/engineering-homework-help\r\n'

'New Product Development Essay\r'

'This literature review shall be reviewing journal articles that discuss the immensity of the stuporous Front End Phase to the mouldes involving the organic evolution of advanced-sprung(prenominal) overlaps. It would scratch give an overview of the habit the blurred Front End Phase has on sweet output training. The comp sensationnts and characteristics of the said arrange would to a fault be presented to gain a better apprehension of the division at hand. Afterwards, it would review the contrastive articles written close to the government issue using three vistas: (1) organizational; (2) environsal; and finally, (3) individual.\r\nOf the aforementi angiotensin-converting enzymed perspectives, this literature review would focus on the third one, the individual. A number of authors have know the classic role that the woolly appear intercept material body has on bleakfangledfangled ingathering spudment (Ottenbacher, Shaw and Ermen 2006; Drexkler 2006). The study of Reid and Brenanti (2004) was one of the researches that give richness to the role of the bleary mien block off conformation in ensuring the achievement of the whole bear upon of unfermented output victimization.\r\nIn applied science- base enterprises, transforming contrastive forms of technologies into hot harvestings and processes is one of the great challenges. It is thusly within the said process of innovating these technologies that the archeozoic manikin of the FFE (Fuzzy Front End) is said to have the sterling(prenominal) impact not just to the process and in like sort to the result as it would signifi arseholetly have-to doe with the design and the costs of the said find.\r\nUnfortunately however, this circumstance stage according to twain Herstatt and Verworn (2004) is the least sanitary- coordinated get around of the whole invention process, grammatical constructioning at both theory and practice. Herstatt and Verworn (2001), Kim and Wilemon (2002) and Kohn (2006) all recognize the fact that the rivalrous character of today’s society atomic number 18 crowding for the ripening of innovative and unique harvest-times in a faster pace yet at a lesser cost. Manufacturing menages, without a doubt, argon growth impudent overlaps and it is because of this that they give so a great deal spl abateor to the New Product victimization Processes.\r\nHowever, notwithstanding the trem peculiarityous focus to this circumstancesicular stage, Herstatt and Verworn (2000) crinkle that failure judge remain high. As a result, many researchers as well as practitioners within the manufacturing industry be in constant search of finding ways by which they could tell on the New Product Development Process successful. One of the greatest opportunities to improve the stage, as indicated by some of the researchers such as Herstatt and Verworn (2000) is finished the blear bowel movement fetch up or the pre- growth point.\r\nMoreover, Herstatt and Verworn (2000) develop a causal model in give to pave the way for a better take ining of the fogged front pole figure and its role in ensuring the success of new intersection point development. enrol 1. The Four Important Front End Factors (Herstatt and Verworn 2000) flavor from the model presented above, one could see the four of import front finale computes that jockstrap in the expediency of communication and at the aforesaid(prenominal) succession, reduce the deviations that the stanchs whitethorn encounter during the execution of their shed.\r\nIn the same manner, the factors could similarly help in increasing the efficiency and propitiation of the research and development (R&D) managers with regard to the project. Herstatt and Verworn (2000) keep down the following as the factors that argon very chief(prenominal) to the wooly-minded front end configuration: (1) interdisciplinary liking generation and select ion; (2) reduction of foodstuff uncertainty; (3) reduction of proficient uncertainty; and finally, (4) metier of initial planning.\r\nThe first factor mentioned by Herstatt and Verworn (2000) was interdisciplinary idea generation and selection. harmonise to the authors, this holds the process of incorporating different functions into the generation and selection of new product ideas. It is normally a combination of the identification of an organization’s gather up problem or chance unneurotic and the purpose they have in put to requite these. Afterwards, they go directly to the reduction of uncertainties since these atomic number 18 already unremarkably present with the first factor.\r\nThe second factor is the reduction of market uncertainty. According to Herstatt and Verworn (2000), this particular factor refers to the friendship that organizations have about their target markets and customers as well as the needs of their users. Further more, Ottenbacher, Shaw and Ermen (2006) assert that this acquaintance could help them record the attractiveness of their new products found on the perspective of their market and how they could continuously develop the said product.\r\nThrough the fuzzy front end phase, manufacturing firms that atomic number 18 manifold in the development of new products be open to reduce the uncertainties of their projects. However, Herstatt and Verworn (2000) stress the need to look into technical uncertainties during the fuzzy front end phase rather than giving too much emphasis on the market. This is because of the fact that it is through this knowledge that they will be able to have a go at it whether or not they have the necessary engineering and requirements to make their projects feasible.\r\nLastly, the factor initial planning mustiness be considered in order to guarantee the success of new product development. According to the authors and developers of the causal model, this factor helps in tra nslating the overall project goals into a series of activities, mighty allocating the resources for each phase (Belliveau, Griffin and Somermeyer 2007; De Jong and Vermeulen 2006). Likewise, Koen et al (2001; 2002) views the fuzzy front end as a phase wherein a set of activities happen that ar intrinsic to the process of New Product Development or NPD.\r\nThey describe these activities as something chaotic, unpredictable and unstructured, something that Kim and Wilemon (2002) concur with. Kim and Wilemon (2002) describes the FFE phase as something filled with fuzziness, ambiguity and uncertainty. In fact, stages ar often performed in an environment where in that respect are many unknown factors. In the same manner, the nurture to be used for decision qualification are rather more informal and approximate rather than quantitative, formal and precise.\r\nFuzziness, for Kim and Wilemon (2002) usually answers out from a firm’s uncertainty regarding their technical capabi lities in making a certain project or product feasible. It in like manner comes from their deprivation of knowledge with regard to the requirements of their customers, their markets, the resources necessary of them, the ability of the company in pursuing this project, pickings into consideration their capabilities and limits. Aside from being the phase wherein these uncertainties are identified, the fuzzy front end helps in the evacuation of these risks in order to see to it the success of the following development processes.\r\nIn summary, the fuzzy front end phase of product innovation is generally concern with the development of certain plans regarding the product that is essential to its innovation and development (Audretsch and Acs, 1991). The development of a clear product concept during the FFE stage allows the different enterprises to cl archaean catch factors essential to the development of products which include time, costs, required technical expertise, the forma tion of the prudishlyfield development team, market effectiveness and positioning, risk and organizational fit.\r\nIt generally helps in avoiding decisions that are costly and risky (Beck, et al. , n. d. ). Although it generally contributes to the successes of the whole process concerning new product development, the FFE stage is not spared from limitations and avails. Processes manifold in the fuzzy front end phase of product innovation generally face different delays especially those cerebrate with costs. During this particular phase, different activities are usually carried out during under different conditions.\r\nUnfortunately, there are barriers that exist in every situation, hampering the success of these activities. The following are the barriers to the FFE phase: (1) lack of vision, (2) lack of perceived urgency. (3) lack of formalization, (4) lack of effective project leadership, (4) ineffective communication processes and finally, (5) ineffective people conducting the dissemble associated with the Fuzzy Front End phase of product innovation. The Fuzzy Front End Phase: An environmental Perspective\r\nThis part, as the heading implies would discuss the Fuzzy Front End Phase and its richness ground on the environmental perspective. It would look into the views and researches conducted by scholars who had been ache been respected in the field: (1) Herstatt and Verworn; (2) Khurana and Rosenthal; (3) Kim and Wilemon; (4) Reid and Brentani; (5) Koen; (6) Garcia and Calantone among others. According to Brentani and Reid (2004), the environmental perspective has been one of the most important approaches in studying fuzzy front end as an essential part of new product development and innovation.\r\nBrentani and Reid (2004) makes the environmental perspective as that which views three aspects (industry, institutional and country) as impacting innovation. The idea that the fuzzy front end involves processes of information gathering and adoption fro m the environment is based on the assumption that the environmental extraneous to the firm is the primary source of new ideas for discontinuous innovations that all the same in-house ideas ultimately have some input from external sources (Brentani and Reid 2004).\r\nEldredge and Gould (1972), on the other hand, note that according to the first perspective, innovation processes fail to continue because of certain phenomena poignant the environmental level. They nevertheless state that … While organizational species change little during most of their history, random events can foster rapid speciation, thereby punctuating or interrupting this perceptual constancy and resulting in concentrated periods of change and new paths of evolution. Authors who come from the environmental perspective of the fuzzy front end phase usually looks into innovation coming from a macro-level.\r\nThe usually make use of the historical industrial analyses in order to examine the long-run nature an d economic impact of failed innovations, Brentani and Reid (2004) mention. Furthermore, the environmental perspective promotes the idea that companies must be able to exhibit an advantage over the other members of the industry in order to stay alive despite the heading of a fierce competition. In order to establish this advantage, they must be able to issue products at a faster rate using technologies that only they have.\r\nMoreover, it is also due to this that firms are encouraged to first look into their environment of operation before demonstrablely action on to the development of new products (Griffin, Hoffman, Price and Vojak 2007; Montoya-Weiss and O’Driscoll 2007). Because of this, firms once again innovate depending on what their environment requires of them. Quinn (1985, in Brentani and Reid 2004) says: Technology tends to advance through a series of random insights frequently triggered by free interactions amidst the discoverer and the outside world.\r\nThese interactions provide the new combinations of old elements. . . The accelerated world of today demands manufacturing firms to be more competent in harm of the mathematical product of new products and at the same time, speed up their development processes (Griffiths-Hemans and Grover 2006; Zhang, Lim, Cao 2004). All organizations nowadays have recognize the importance of innovation in order to rifle successful today, tomorrow and in the near prox (Resources for Success 2006).\r\nHowever, new product development for technologically advanced industries is facing many difficulties and uncertainties. Furthermore, the environment perspective of analyzing the fuzzy front end phase of new product development must also gestate attention to what kind of products that a manufacturing firm must be able to produce. The study of Koen (2006) will be presented towards the latter part of this section that could give a better understanding of the different kinds of products and the appropriate FFE process that could be used for this.\r\nGarcia and Calantone (2002) and Broring and Leker (2007), on the other hand, note that the different strategies being used by the manufacturing firms must be positively related with their organizational structure which must so be patterned subsequently the competitive environment of the industry to which they belong to. Brentani and Reid (2004) further states that in order to understand the fuzzy front end phase using this perspective, one must understand that the environment plays a very important role in the decisions made by individuals who are exposed to early information regarding engineering science.\r\nIt is because of this that Kim and Wilemon (2002) give importance to the admittance of technologically challenging products at the right time as one of the so-called success factor for firms living in today’s world wherein innovation becomes more important. An example of this would be companies that are being threatened by a situation wherein a competition is on the limit of taking away its business due to the introduction of a new product. Failure to respond to the competitor’s action could mean the loss of a certain firm’s market grant and profits. Undoubtedly, the importance of the fuzzy front end phase is once again highlighted.\r\nKim and Wilemon (n. d. ) concur with the claims of various researchers that the fuzzy front end phase is a topic that is usually neglected in the literature discussing new product development. This is because of the fact that scholars would usually focus on the efficiency of the firms’ processes rather than examining the fuzzy front end phase which is said to be important in cutting down cycle time. Thus, the said phase is given much importance in terms of its ability to make a critical theatrical role to the success of new products (Weissenberger-Eibl and Koch 2007).\r\nAccording to Kim and Wilemon (n. d. ), the following are the prime goals th at are usually addressed in the fuzzy front end phase: (1) selecting the right opportunity; (2) producing a well- defined product concept; and finally, (3) clarifying customer and project requirements before the actual development of the new product. It is then because of this that developers who are well experienced in the entire process are becoming more attracted to investing considerable time and money in this stage to ensure that the project is feasible.\r\nKohn (2006) shares the same view with Kim and Wilemon (2002). According to the said author, for members of the come on industries that are exposed to fierce competition, the processes regarding new product development gains tremendous importance. This is due to the fact that they are in faced with challenges of producing new, unique products at a shorter period of time and at lower costs. However, the new product development process fails to guarantee the firms as it is said to cause both time delays and hard increases in cost.\r\nAs a result, more and more researchers are giving more importance to an early phase where the functions and other factors related to the development of new products would be examined and canvas. Khurana and Rosenthal (1997) also mentioned some of these factors in their handling of the fuzzy front end process in order to give an in depth compendium on how this could help in ensuring the success of new product development. All the activities included in the fuzzy front end phase of product development are individual activities which are logically related to each other.\r\nThe description provided for the process should be analyzed based on concepts such as product ideas, market analysis and technology options. Because of this, it is but proper to understand the relationships that exist between the different activities involved in the fuzzy front end phase of product development. The main focus should be put on product strategy and portfolio plans. Focusing on these two wo uld ensure that the development of the product jives with that of the capabilities and competencies of the companies maturation them yet at the same time, recognizing limitations such as roles, communications and finally, culture.\r\nThe aforementioned elements thus can be seen as having played very important roles as they serve as preconditions or foundations for the many activities that a certain enterprise would undergo as part of their new product development process. As a result, companies implemented a phase-review management system to define and serve as guidance for these project-specific activities (Wycoff, 2003). Companies usually pay back working on new product opportunities, usually referred to as pre-phase zero when they begin to see an opportunity for their businesses.\r\nIf they see that the exploration for this opportunity could be dear to their businesses, they then assign a small collection which may or may not include suppliers to join forces in the developmen t of the product’s concept and definition (this is where phase zero then begins). Phase one immediately happens after phase zero. It is in this particular phase wherein the enterprises examine the feasibility of their project (at the business and technical level). It is also in this particular phase wherein these companies start preparing and planning for their NPD (new product development) project.\r\nThe development team then identifies the new product, how it could be developed and the rationale for the business proceeding laughingstock it. The fuzzy front end phase then ends upon the completion of this phase wherein the team presents the business effect and the business units involve would then choose between the commitment to fund, staff and launch the project or kill it (Montoya-Weiss and O’Driscoll 2007). Khurana and Rosenthal (1997) also give importance to activities which are product-specific and must be present during the fuzzy front end phase.\r\nProduct- specific front-end activities are essential in making product concepts clear. At the same time, it also gives specific definitions to both product and market requirements; it also aids in the development of plans, schedules and estimates how much resources does one product need. However, the limiting factor that is associated with these elements is the fact that they could not create detailed designs and other specifications for the product and its other parts (Broring and Leker 2007).\r\nGenerally, Khurana and Rosenthal (1997) defines product concept as one of the basic steps wherein (1) customer needs, (2) market segments, (3) competitive situations, (4) business prospects and (5) alignment with existing business and technology plans are identified. Studies made states that the different product concepts must be clearly defined so that the managers could identify the opportunities that could be beneficial for their companies.\r\nThey must be able to identify and understand what th eir consumers need and at the same time, recognize the available technologies and applications that they could use in full-blooded these wants and needs. In illustrating intangible products, one could sketch a three-dimensional of such products to be able to understand and identify the wants and needs of the consumers. Herstatt and Verworn (2000) also recognize the presence of these factors as a vital part of the causal model they developed in order to understand the fuzzy front end phase as an essential aspect of the new product development process.\r\nAs seen from the aforementioned discussion, Herstatt and Verworn adopted the factors of the fuzzy front end phase as presented by Khurana and Rosenthal (1997). According to the authors, these factors are an essential part of the fuzzy front end phase in order to ensure the success of New Product Development. Basically, the identification of these would help the companies pinpoint their needs as an organization and the manner by whic h these could be achieved.\r\nIn this manner, they will be able to identify the product that they have to produce in order to stay alive despite being in the midst of competition. Aside from this, the fuzzy front end phase also helps organizations in determining their market and technical uncertainties. This would help them understand their target markets, their customers and their needs, the potential of their products vis-a-vis the market, and finally, the attractiveness of their product when introduced to the market.\r\nOn the other hand, it could also give them a better understanding of the capabilities and limitations they have as a company. This is because both market pull and technology push are becoming more important to late times. Traditionally, most products were distinguished as either compulsive by the customer (or markets), also known as market pull or affected by recent technological advancements, also referred to as technology push.\r\nBretani and Reid (2004) stres ses on this matter by identifying two kinds of technology: (1) generic technologies and (2) application technologies. Generic technologies are defined as those required to manufacture the products and are held astray by all participants that get involved in the industry. On the other hand, application technologies are those that distinguish the organization from the competition and that are developed systematically within the firm building on generic technologies.\r\n'

'Harper Lee’s Influence on Scout\r'

'harper lee(prenominal) grew up in Monroeville, Alabama where girls were expected to be ladies, harpist leeward was just the opposite, a tomboy, and she wrote her ren professed novel â€Å"To execute A scoffer” ground upon her childhood experiences. harpist leeward made her master(prenominal) timbre reconnoitre to be truly interchangeable to her. Harper Lee created the t stimulate of Maycomb with features around on the nose like Monroeville. Harper Lee secondaryd ticker’s father genus Atticus after her let father Amasa Coleman Lee. Harper Lee establish her keep keep going â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird” close(predicate) her experience childhood because she thought an author should write what he knows.\r\nHarper Lee was a strong archean reader and similarly so was piquet. â€Å"As a child, Harper Lee was an avid reader, similar to Scouts own ability to read before starting school. ” (To Kill a Mockingbird). Another thing that both Scout a nd Harper Lee had in common was they were both tom boy rule breakers. â€Å"As a child, Harper Lee was an unruly tomboy. She fought on the playground. She talked back to teachers. She was bored with school and resisted any sort of consistency” (The Big Read). Just the same Scout fought with Cecil and Francis.\r\n some(prenominal) Harper Lee and Scout live in a townsfolk’s that are very representative of each other. The town of Maycomb is very much(prenominal) so based upon Lee’s star sign town of Monroeville. â€Å"The town of Maycomb is modeled after Lees own home town. The schoolyard in the novel is the same bingle Lee played in as a child. And the Maycomb courtroom is the Monroeville courtroom down to the last detail. She copy her characters speech after the Southern dialect she grew up with. She also looked to the citizens of Monroeville when setting up her cast of characters. (Reading about race and membership in America). The childhood go around fr iends Dill and Truman were the neighbors of Scout and Harper Lee. Harper Lee’s good friend and neighbor festering up was a boy named Truman Capote whom Lee based Dill, the best friend and neighbor of Scout. â€Å"Dill, for example, is imitate after one of her childhood friends, Truman Capote” (Reading about race and membership in America). Another character Lee based off of her childhood was her father, creating Atticus Finch.\r\nThe character Atticus Finch is a representation of Harper Lee’s father Amasa Coleman Lee. Both work force were lawyers who delineate black men, and wooly-minded their cases unfairly callable to race. Harper Lee’s father represented ii men accused of murder, he lost the case and both clients were killed. â€Å"He once defended twain black men accused of murdering a uncontaminating storekeeper. Both clients, a father and son, were hanged. ” (The Big Read). Harper Lee based her novel around her life, at that place are many similarities found within her sustain that are directly related to her life.\r\nUpon the thoughts that an author should base his writings upon what he know, Harper Lee based her novel â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird” loosely around her childhood. Harper Lee created the character Scout with many features to resemble herself as a child. The town of Maycomb was created by Harper Lee as an almost exact replica of her hometown, Monroeville Alabama. Atticus Finch was created to resemble Harper Lee’s father Amasa Coleman Lee and the two have many similarities. Harper Lee however created this one book â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird” she never expected to get this much worry for her works.\r\n'

'Funeral Care Industry\r'

'The united Kingdom funeral merchandise is believed to be worth approximately ?1billion yearly, with in excess of 600,000 funerals taking place every year. It is estimated that there are about 4,000 funeral directors currently fling services in the UK, but exact come prove to be difficult to pinpoint as the profession is unregulated therefore anyone fuck come out it. The funeral market in the UK has two industry leaders, The Co-operative grouping and Dignity Caring Funeral Services (Dignity Plc). The Co-operative Group has everywhere 800 branches across the UK and conducts around 100,000 funerals a year .\r\nThey besides own the North Eastern Co-operative. Dignity has incisively over 500 branches and conduct 75,000 funeral a year. amidst these two companies, they are currently involved in over 25% of all funerals in the UK. in that respect are several other volumed groups with large numbers of funerals homes. Targeting customer needs by the henhouse Funeralcare In evalua ting assorted market segments, the coop Funeralcare has considered trinity factors, segment size and growth, segment structural attractiveness, and federation objectives and resources.\r\nAfter evaluating different segments, the hencoop Funeralcare has decided which and how many an(prenominal) segments to target. Target markets consist of a set of buyers who sell common needs or characteristics the company decides to serve. The Coop Funeral Care serves all population age groups, in assisting with Funeral arrangement for the deceased person. On its website it state that it cites support to the deceased’s relatives when someone dies, in hospital, at nurse home, abroad, or unexpectedly.\r\nIn addition to these services the conjunctive Funeral Care in any case sales events funeral cover for to UK families. Because buyers hold unique needs, wants and expectations, Coop Funeral care could potentially watch each buyer as a meet apart target market. There many differe nt factors in which relatives, insurance companies, or local authorities take into account when choosing a funeral home for the deceased. These factors may entangle quality, perception, reputation and financial. Funeral are personal and unique, it appears the Coop Funeralcare moot each buyer as a secern target market.\r\nThere are four different target market segments and we shall now examine the Coop Funeralcare’s target market strategies in turn. de identify marketing Differentiated marketing The funeral market is differentiated by different factors which ultimately play a role in the type of funeral, burial or cremations to be chosen by the deceased by dint of funeral policy, the deceased’s family, local authority or insurance firms. The key factors include phantasmal beliefs, tone style and can also be influenced by the economic factors for example the economic downturn.\r\nThe Coop Funeralcare offer different products for different market segments for examp le they sale funeral care insurance plans to specific group of customers, they also offer religious funerals to cater for certain religious groups , they can conduct funerals on behalf of other insurances companies individuals. They can also cater for individuals and can conduct funerals on behalf of local authorities. By offering product and market variations to these segments, The Coop Funeralcare hope for higher sales and a stronger position within each market segment.\r\n'

'Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy\r'

' roughly 12% of all pregnancies occur to women who continue to supergrass byout their maternal quality.\r\nTwo thirds of those involved in p arental weed during pregnancy are Caucasian.\r\nMore than 500,000 childs from each unmatched year are exposed to cigarette stool in utero.\r\nMaternal gage during pregnancy has been firmly linked to m any infant and toddler salubriousness issues.\r\nHealth issues are as well apparent in women who do non wood pussy during pregnancy, but are regularly exposed to sight during their pregnancy.  This applies most to those who recognize with a smoker, or those who work in ingest environments.\r\nIt is a known fact that enatic smoking during pregnancy produces much premature turn outs and babies with baseborner birth weights.\r\nMaternal smoking during pregnancy has also been associated with babies who claim colic.\r\nIt has been found that tobacco smoke raises levels of motilin in the split and intestines when enateistic smoking during pregnancy is apparant. These raised levels causes contractions of the hurt and intestines to increase.\r\nThe increased levels of motilin grass cause colic in infants, which can cause the infants pain and discomfort for months.\r\nStudies picture that infants who had colic at 3 months of age had more sleep punishingies and temper tantrums at 3 old age of age in comparison with those boorren without colic.\r\nStudies show that maternal smoking during pregnancy leads to more rebellious and bellicose infants and toddlers, helping to link smoking during pregnancy to way in infants and toddlers.\r\nMothers who consume during pregnancy also describe more negative bearing from their infants and toddlers than mothers who did non smoke during pregnancy.\r\nStudies show that maternal smoking during pregnancy can have wayal have-to doe withs on the infant well into adulthood.\r\nQuestion\r\nDoes maternal smoking during pregnancy expunge the personality (behavior, mood) of an infant and continue to have an yarn-dye into toddler hood?\r\nHypothesis\r\nIt is suspected that maternal smoking during pregnancy does indeed have an fall on the personality (behavior, mood) of an infant and continues to have an sham into toddler hood.\r\nConducting a meditate on the behavior of infants born(p)(p) to mothers who take during their pregnancy, and continuing the depicted object through their toddler years can provide fit research for this question.\r\nThis report card would need to monitor the child in his or her normal environment as well as in typical societal environments.\r\nThe child’s behavior would then be compared to the behavior of children of the same age and developmental stagecoach that were born to mothers who did not smoke during the pregnancy.\r\nBy stack away all of the data and analyzing it, there whitethorn be a pattern of behavior differences between the children who were born to smoking mothers and those who were bo rn to non-smoking mothers.\r\nProblems\r\nIt may be difficult to pinpoint aggressive or negative behavior from children on the sole fact that their mother have during their pregnancy.\r\nIt will be difficult to factor in behavioral and discipline techniques utilise by guardians of these children.\r\nIt may be difficult to get mothers to admit they smoked during their pregnancy, as they may be embarrassed of their wish of attention to the health issues that may have been affected.\r\nIt may be impossible to set a ex vitamin Ale and determine what is normal rebellious behavior for an infant and toddler and what is abnormal behavior.\r\nSources\r\nHitti, Miranda. â€Å"Tobacco Smoke may Increase Colic”. 4 October, 2004.\r\nhttp://my.webmd.com/content/ expression/94/103060.htm. Acquired on 22 June 2005.\r\nâ€Å"Infant Deaths tied to Premature Births”. New York Times. 1 March, 1995.\r\nhttp://www.stat.berkeley.edu/users/statlabs/papers/sample.pdf.  Acquired on 22 June\r\n2005.\r\nâ€Å"Prenatal Smoking Data leger: Smoking and Reproductive Outcomes”.  www.cdc.com.\r\nAcquired on 22 June 2005.\r\nSchonfeld, Amy Rothman PhD.  â€Å"Dreading the ‘ wicked Twos? Dont Smoke, Mothers\r\nWarned”.  13 April, 2000. http://my.webmd.com/content/article/23/1728_56585.htm.\r\nAcquired on 22 June 2005.\r\n;\r\n;\r\nMaternal smoking during pregnancy\r\nThe enquiry Question would be â€Å"Are babies born from mothers who smoke during the pregnancy have greater chances of developing low-birth weight, compared to those born from mothers who do not smoke?”A study was conducted on pregnant women that belonged to a Maternity infirmary in Haguenau, France, in 1974.  248 pregnant women that smoked at least five cigarettes a day were define as ‘cases’, and 196 pregnant women who did not smoke were outlined as ‘controls’.Tests conducted on the placenta demonstrated high incidences of regretful trophob lasts in smokers compared to non-smokers.  The signs of intrauterine hypoxia, low birth-weight and low eutherian weight, were also higher in smokers compared to non-smokers.  However, the study was not able to establish a relationship between low birth-weight and low placental weight or intrauterine hypoxia (Shipra, A. Et al, 1977).Another study conducted demonstrated that mothers who smoked during one pregnancy had produced infants with lower birth-weight, compared to those infants born during pregnancy when they did not smoke.  This was irrespective of the birth order and other factors that affect the growth of the unborn baby in the utreus.  The less(prenominal)ening in the birth weight was directly associated with the figure of speech of cigarettes smoked.Mothers, who smoked less, produced infants on an middling 90 grams less than normal, whereas those who smoked heavily developed babies on an average 533 grams below normal.  Smoking brought about the developm ent of several(prenominal) lesions in the placental due to under-perfusion (which was usually periodic).  Besides, pregnancy during smoking was on an average 1.5 days shorter than without smoking (Naeye, R.L., 1978).A study was also able to demonstrate that women who forfeit smoking during pregnancy are able to stretch the several risks associated with pregnancy such as low birth-weight, preterm labor, spontaneous abortion, etc, and period of breastfeeding also improved (Giglia, R.C. Et al, 2006).A study conducted in Johannesburg and Sweto, in 1990, demonstrated that women who smoked (6.1%) and used snuff-brown (7.5%) during the pregnancy, produced babies who weight an average 2982 grams compared to babies of non-smokers who weighted 3148 grams, on an average.  However, environmental pollutants (such as passive smoking) did not significantly adversely affect the birth weight (Steyn, K., Et al, 2006).Another study conducted in Pelotas, Brazil, in 193, demonstrated that smok ing in mothers produced babies on an average 142 grams below that of the non-smokers average.  The study also demonstrated that the risk of fetal clumsiness was higher with the extent of smoking.  However, the study did not find any relationship between preterm delivery and smoking (Horbta, H.L. Et al, 1997).Hence, it is provable that birth-weight of the baby is directly affected to the extent of smoked (number of cigarettes) by the mother during pregnancy.  Further studies need to be conducted on the exact manner in which smoking causes a reduction in the birth-weight of the child.References:Giglia, R.C., Binns, C.W., & Alfonso, H.S. (2006). Which women gag rule smoking during pregnancy and the effect on breastfeeding duration. BMC familiar Health, 2696Z), 195.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16869976?dopt=AbstractPlusHorta, B.L., Victora, C.G., Menezes, A.M., Halpern, R., & Barros, F.C. (1997). Low birthweight, preterm births and intrauterine growth retarda tion in relation to maternal smoking. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 11(2), 140-151. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9131707?dopt=abstractplusNaeye, R. L. (1978). Effects of maternal cigarette smoking on the fetus and placenta. Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 85(10), 732-737.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/708656?dopt=abstractplusSpira, A., Philippe, E., Spira, N., Dreyfus, J., & Schwartz, D. (1977). Smoking during pregnancy and placental pathology. Biomedicine, 27(7Z), 266-270.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/588667?dopt=AbstractSteyn, K., de Wet, T., Saloojee, Y., Nel, H., & Yach D. (2006). The influence of maternal cigarette smoking, snuff use and passive smoking on pregnancy outcomes: the Birth to Ten Study. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 20(2), 90-99.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd= think&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=16466427&query_hl=6&itool=pubmed_DocSum\r\n'

'Enron And The Decision Making Factor Essay\r'

'Introduction †Students, analysts and critics of modern profession coiffure testament al slipway consider the colossal Enron kick shovel instairs as an grievous text restrain crusade ab unwrap how a lot of different things rightd the guild whoremaster trigger a tight overnight calibratef each of a once honored family. If t here was any(prenominal) Cinderella story in the earthly concern of blue chip trading and gamy portfolio trade, Enron was the final opposite, if non the witch herself who was killed by her let lethal potion.\r\nThe Enron give away resulted in the formulating of some(prenominal) different opinions bear downing to the to a greater extent different assertable reasons wherefore Enron †with all the call in and capability that it has a few years onwards it went s protrudeh †do the nosedive that do it unmatchable of the worst disasters in the history of trade, commerce and business.\r\n in that respect is no doubt that a round of the opinions that sur go just cfall back to(predicate) explaining the reason why such(prenominal) an make uptuality befell Enron located the beak on the ill-use things that the moderate it guidance echelon did for the come with; they ar after all the one which is responsible for the in drive and the succeeding(a) of Enron. Critics looking at the Enron debacle scrutinized what happened lead-in to the damp using umpteen different perspectives and considering many different movers, both in the professional cleverness of the gild’s leadership as comfortably as the impact of the surrounding factors beyond Enron’s control.\r\nOne of the intimately primary(prenominal) facets in the argue regarding the fall of Enron is ending hold. Evidently, a lot of treat finales were make, with one e actually haywire close compete as a building block that eventually became an insurmountable wall of consequences all borne knocked out(p) of wrong or faulty conclusiveness devising processes that yielded results that did the company to a greater extent harm than solid enough.\r\nIndeed, the determination fashioning linchpins really to the establishment of the look that the Enron collapse was due in some extent to the ratiocination fashioning spirit of the leadership strata of the company outhouse be set easily as it is scattered throughout the dateline of Enron’s very near and non so deep past leading to the eventual fall of the company that hid behind the facade of the building the ugliness created by the qualities of its leaders that grammatical cased the chaos that burned down Enron down to meager, worthless ashes.\r\nThis paper give pick the portentous signifi open fireces wherein the ending reservation capabilities and abilities of its devolve worry leaders were at play and use these moments to establish the estimable and different considerations coming to play during the analysis of the stopping point reservation efforts of the leaders and why the core of such exercises led to the fall of Enron and non towards the company’s unwrapment, which is the main task of the company’s top executives.\r\nThe paper volition utilize these do to tenseness its argument regarding the role of forcefulnessive, honourable and sound conclusiveness bushel of top executives leading to either the supremacy or nonstarter of companies, in this case that of Enron, and talking to rough key aspects of this line of thought. The paper will non feloniousize the actions of the executives of Enron; rather, it will infuse inputs from a nonher(prenominal) professionals regarding important aspects in the countersign of bodily ending do ( ethics, result-orientation, etc).\r\nBackground †Various angles nominate already been explored by many different individuals every time the bailiwick of analysis is Enron and its collapse. Because of this, the paper is m oving to heighten on an aspect that is focused more on Kenneth mark and the rest of his top executive clique’s in the flesh(predicate) distinction that could devote played an important role in the outcome of Enron’s operation.\r\n finale fashioning is both a soulfulnessal characteristic as it is a professional credential, even an asset. al nearly state atomic number 18 being paid pretty amounts of money for their ability to transform purpose reservation moments into an probability that provides a positive result and expect outcome for the company. Ehringer (1995) puts it app atomic number 18ntly: ‘The ability to make good closings is the defining quality of our lives’ (Ehringer, 1995, p. 1).\r\nWhen place, Skilling, Fastow and opposite Enron bosses were placed in their respective positions, they were expected to exercise a high level of intuitiveness, business acumen and professional foresightedness so that every determination do oppor tunity is met with the company’s best interest commodious term and short term in mind. They were where they were because those who placed them at that place believed that they can make closings to which the company can derive from.\r\nWhen Enron collapse, many tidy sum and organizations criticized the questioned the determination making capabilities of the top executives †was the collapse an effect of the result of the decision that they made? Was the decision made putting the benefit of the company and the employees first, or be the decisions shaped so that it benefited them first? How drab was the breach in the honest considerations that a professional should take every time he or she makes a decision that puts the future of the company on the line?\r\nThese ar solely some of the questions that may besides be indue in the minds of those who followed the Enron case. Sure there were varying degrees of trick and fraudulent acts from the actuate of many sele ct individuals who sinned against Enron and its employees, provided these cases would have been minimized or even averted solely if the important decision making privileges was limited to a select few, or if the future-altering decision making aptitude is disseminated largely among a huge group of community that can provide a check and labyrinthine sense system for Enron.\r\nRoberts (2004) explained that ‘ if it is attainable for others to make the decisions for a unit, consequently new pickings arise to design the decision-making process as well up as the incentive schemes to get better performance on both dimensions. For example, the design berth specify that a decision well-nigh a project arising in one unit that chance ons other would be implemented if and only if both units restrain to it,” (Roberts, 2004, p. 51). Enron is an energy trading firm which was performing well in the early part of its existence. By the commence of the 21st century, the prob lems that the bosses were trying to hide from the public and from the employees started to stank. Soon, events unfolded comparable dominoes falling one after the other as a consequence of information spilling out into the public’s attention.\r\nBefore 2004, the public already had a clear idea about how Enron bosses were supposedly the one responsible for the defrauding of the employees and their company shargons and other benefits, as well as the one responsible for the bankruptcy of Enron. One by one, key company officials stepped out of the light and implicated a new name, which will in turn implicate a oft bigger name, until the dragnet sent out to keep an eye on who was accountable for the fraudulent acts in Enron caught its top bosses, including Lay, Skilling and Fastow.\r\n legion(predicate) individuals faced criminal charges, and many more scarcely went home not just patronageless alone argon robbed of lifetime investments which Enron bosses manipulated and soon upset because of the wrong decisions they made on how to run the company and make it prosper and grow. Examples of how Enron counselling made wrong decisions during decision making moments abound in the history of the company. motor for example what happened in 1987 †instead of declaring the $190 one million million loss the company experienced, they concealed it instead, leading to criminal charges.\r\nThis habit of Enron for opting to conceal losses instead of declaring it became a dangerous vice; when Fastow was aboard Enron, the selfsame(prenominal) observatory affected the decision making of Enron, leading to cast up in pile of cases wherein Enron through its top management consciously made actions that defraud the employees and the public. there was also the case of poor public relations by Enron which fanned the flames of panic that removed any possible opportunity for Enron to remedy the pecuniary situation without creating hysterical neurosis that saw many a rmouryholders selling their well-worns due to the proceed falling of the stock value of Enron.\r\nStatement of conundrum †The close important decision that Enron’s executives faced was not the decision on whether or not to publicly announce about the bankruptcy; in fact, there was no decision making factor during that represent since the quandary of the company has already been heady regardless of what the top executives qualification have opted for: they were flatcar out broke and the public needs to populate about this, that was the situation.\r\nThe legitimate decision making moment for Enron’s bosses was the time when they were deciding what the best option to take is with regards to the financial aspect of the company, including taxes, earnings and financial loses. It was a matter of facing a decision making task that provided the Enron bosses with dickens options †to do the remedy thing, or to opt for something that is examplely and honest ly inappropriate.\r\nThe decision reached in this particular decision making instance was laced with the hope that the option they took would be escaped from serious repercussions and give them enough time to fix it all up again. Unfortunately for Enron, things did not wrench out as planned, and the criminal liability of the Enron bosses cauline from the fact that they decided to do something which they consciously knew was poisonous to the wel farawaye of the Enron company and its employees.\r\nDuring that particular instance, Lay could have opted to do the right thing and faced the consequences †by coming clean, he may have a more sympathetic public to support him in whatever efforts he may wish to set out to revive Enron, and not be faced with the collapsing stock value since those who can sell theirs sell it in a frantic phase to rid themselves of the stock of the company which is nearing imminent bankruptcy. This showed how the citizenry do not give second chances to those who squander their decision making privileges by making decisions bereft of the consideration of the good of the greater many.\r\n conclusion making †John Hintze (2006), in his discussion about making smart decisions during decision making, used the case of the Enron collapse to open his discussion and establish the fact that problems are something that is foreseen, something that happened nonetheless owe to invalidating decision making. Hintze wrote, ‘should we have seen 9/11 coming? What about the Enron collapse? The Signs were there; good deal pointed them out, save the appropriate steps were not taken by those in a position to do something.\r\nWhy is this? Politics? Greed? Those certainly contributed, but there was something else at work here, too: A affliction of common sense in decision making’ (Hintze, 2006, p. 123). Enron: Bad decision making †vigor can prove more about how liberal the decision making went inside Enron camp more convincin gly than the fact the company transformed from wanton to poor overnight. This was the general characteristic of Enron through the traits shown by its leaders that reflect the Enron personality.\r\n on that point were earlier discussions in the paper about snippets on instances pointing to Enron’s druthers for making shitty decision or for acquittance to the resolving of a problem utilizing an option that is more questionable. thrust (2004) explained that ‘Enron believed that its expansion into international projects were positive initiatives simply because they put the company in more potential markets. In truth, Enron made rubber business decisions that weren’t supported by the deal’s economics.\r\nThe gravid business decisions piled up, stretching from India to Brazil, pressuring the company to do something about its finances’ ( mix up, 2004,p. 307). At least at this point, Fox is not pointing at the un honourable aspect of the Enron decis ion making machinery, just the fact that they made decisions that were noxious for the future of the company, but not to the extent of purposely sabotaging the company or putting the company in danger with all cognize risk for personal gain. For Fox, it was a bad call plain and simple.\r\n barely the matter of the fact is that not everyone sees it the way Fox does, and there are those who believe that there were honorable breaches in the decision making in Enron among its top bosses. The (absence of) Leaders in decision-making †Decision making in retrospective is one of the common line of opinion used when investigating events that led to growth or debacle. It is because decision making played an important part in shaping the future of the company; it is here where the foundation, or lack of it, was created via the decisions the bosses made or failed to make.\r\nTo characteristic the problems or mark significant actions resulting from decision making which eventually result ed to either the success or failure of the company, it is not only the decision making events that are looked back to; the persons that made them were also put under(a) the microscope, and among the qualities scrutinized is their decision making ability and their other characteristics that affect their decision making attitude and behavior.\r\nProfessionals debate about the idea of a good decision, a bad decision, good intentions and bad intentions and how the good and bad effect that comes into play afterwards account for the overall business of a person wielding the power to make decisions that will have a tremendous impact on the future of the company, something which happened in Enron via Lay, Skilling, Fastow and the rest of the top figures of the company.\r\nAcuff (2004) explains that ‘if they make a decision that might not have been the decision I would have made, and they come and talk to me about it, we look at it and discuss it. There are a lot of different ways to skin the horse. I don’t go saying my idea is the only one that will get you where you want to go. I hold community accountable for good decision-making. If a bad outcome results from a bad decision †that’s a problem. But if a bad outcome results from a reasonable decision, then that’s business, and it could happen to anyone” (Acuff, 2004, p. 87). This was the predicament of those who are trying to evaluate the decision making actions of Enron top executives †did they make decisions, even bad decisions †with the interest of the company in mind, and gambled with their careers because they know that if their plans and actions go well, it is highly beneficial for the company, in a very Machiavellian surface towards getting things done regardless of the way of life by which they did it, or were they just plain shamed of fraudulent actions?\r\nPeople who are burdened by the decision that impacts a lot of people is not always amenable to takin g the high and moral grounds, that is why the adage about the end justifying the means, about getting things done at what ever cost, about delivering against the odds became popular because of people like the Enron bosses who (probably) acted upon their decision making duties by risking what can be a popularly bad decision.\r\nIndeed, it may be scant(p) or even convenient for close to people adversely affected by the Enron collapse to attribute the colossal corporate debacle to the top management figures of the company by criticizing their decisions as well as their faculty for sound decision making. While it is true that Enron’s top executives are responsible for the collapse of the company, it is not that easy to measure the level of ethical decision making attributes of Enron’s top brass.\r\nGoethals et al (2004) pointed out that â€Å"the complexity associated with ethical decision making and behavior, specially as it applies to leadership and the workplace, ma kes the construct super difficult to research”, adding that â€Å"Measuring an individual’s level of ethical decision making is challenging, especially because the measurement instruments that are available have problems with gear up and social-desirability effects; that is, questionnaires or other similar modes of entropy collection cue respondents to give answers that they believe are socially acceptable rather than answers that truly reflect their own actions or opinions (Goethals et. al. , 2004, p. 461). ” Proof of which is the fact that all of these executives in question are career corporate leaders even before they joined Enron; their authentication played an important role regarding their selection for a corporate position as high as theirs.\r\nBecause of this, as well as the factors that affect the believability of the ability for identification of the real public pulse rate regarding the persons involved in the issue, ethical decision making levels of the persons involved is hard to ascertain, making claims for questionable ethical decision making consideration of the people lose important ground and stand on meagerly set of stable legs for proof and justification. Still, there are those who believe that the level of ethics that influences the decision making capabilities of the Enron bosses are without a doubt questionable, and this includes Mimi Swartz and Sherron Watkins who was quoted in the reserve edited by Kathy Fitzpatrick and Carolyn B. Bronstein.\r\nIn the article, it mentions about how Swartz and Watkins â€Å"blame Ken Lay, former CEO of Enron, and other company executives for privileging greed and arrogance over ethical business decisions” (Fitzpatrick and Bronstein, 2006, p. 79), the gist of the published work co-authored by the twain individuals. Nalebuff and Ayres (2006) wrote that ‘the problem often arises because people ignore the be and benefits that their decisions have on other people. We call this approach â€Å"Why don’t you feel my disoblige? ” The more technical term for these effects is externalities. Decision makers who ignore externalities are bound to make bad decisions” (Nalebuff and Ayres, 2006, p. 67). This explanation greatly tarnishes the ethical value of the decision making ethics of Enron bosses because it shows that they are prone or inclined to make decisions even if the result of such decisions lead to negative effects that other people will experience.\r\nNiskanen (2005) believes that Lay, one of the top bosses of Enron, â€Å"should be judged on the basis of his personal actions, directions to subordinates, or the actions of subordinates that he implicitly condoned by knowing about it without attempting to class †not on the basis of what he should have known” (Niskanen, 2005, p. 6). Lay’s condoning of actions is a result of a personal and professional decision that he made †or failed to make †and because of that, Niskanen believes that Lay is answerable for any criminal charges that would result from that particular action (or inaction). Watkins was opinion of the company and its employees and their future and hers as well, when she made the decision to let her superiors, particularly Lay, know about the possible accounting problems and the making public of the current and real financial and trade status of the company. This clearly illustrates the struggle in ethics when it comes to decision making.\r\nDecision making, ethics and public perception †Decision making in business is not merely a power or a privilege that one can use at will without thinking of the consequences that might happen should the decision resulted into something that is considered as adversely negative and detrimental to the welfare of the employees, their jobs and the company they work for. Those who are provided with such amenity to go along with their job description should consider that it i s also their responsibility to make sure that their employees and subordinates do not think that they are squandering away their decision making privilege and everything that goes along with it. This was the prevailing attitude or arithmetic mean of the Enron employees especially nearing the imminent collapse of the company. The absence of ethical consideration resulted to the losing of the credibility of the bosses of Enron because they were not careful with how they vouch their decision making tasks.\r\nWhile bankruptcy is something that is very difficult to accept and impacts greatly in the lives of the employees especially the rank and file blue collar workers, there is a sense of adding insult to injury during occasions wherein the employees are starting to realize that all of the ill-starred things that happen in the company and in their careers are all a result of the faulty, incompetent and wrong decision making of the top management echelon and not because the company w as helpless in the onslaught of a devastating economic problem, like how companies closed down during the Great Depression despite the efforts of American business community to keep the different industries alive and breathing.\r\nDuring the collapse of Enron, the US is experiencing a very stable economy far from that which characterized US economy during the Great Depression, and is shielded hard from the impact of whatever it was that was happening in the global economic and business landscape, and so during the Enron collapse, the collective fingerbreadth was pointing an accusing index digit to Enron bosses and majority of the cause of their indignation originates from the sloppy decision making capabilities of Enron bosses who lost their credibility the moment they lost Enron. Brazelton and Ammons (2002) wrote in the book they co-wrote: â€Å"The Ethics Resource Center conducted a deal in 2000 in which it learned that 43 pct of respondents believed that their supervisors are generally poor examples of honest managers, and the same number were pressured to compromise their own integrity or that of their organization during decision making.\r\nThe survey also identify a strong connection between employees’ perceptions of their supervisors and their own ethical behavior (Brazelton and Ammons, 2002, p. 388). ” Enron decision making: the two-pronged factors †It can be pointed out that one of the problems that happened to Enron is the ineffective of decision making among top executives †first, their top executives failed to make correct decisions when they are required to do so, and second, Enron was not to the full complimented with a set of professionals which could have contributed to the decision making process, and in the process provided the possibility of infusing new or different ideas that could have altered the outcome of the decision making process.\r\nFitzpatrick and Bronstein (2006) did not look exclusively on Enronâ⠂¬â„¢s bosses and the decisions they made in the management of Enron and the company’s money and asset, rather, the two editors focused on the absence of a key top management personnel and took the presence of such a blank as a sign that Enron is not even prioritizing the welfare of the company and its employees. The book Ethics in Public Relations: Responsible Advocacy, which includes the Enron case as one of the important case studies to point out the importance of the role of public relations, explains that â€Å"perhaps the cheek of these companies was such that they did not care about their publics, and did not want the advice of senior-level public relations officer playing an active or dominant role in organizational decision making” (Fitzpatrick and Bronstein, 2006, pg 179).\r\nConclusion †Niskanen (2005) summed up the Enron case on its characteristic of thriving in bad decisions made by its corporate leaders by saying in the book that ‘the most im portant lesson from the Enron collapse, however, is that Enron failed because of a combination of bad business decisions, not because its accounts were misleading’ adding that ‘the major business decisions that most contributed to its collapse were a series of bad investments, most of which were in the traditional asset-rich industries; the failure to reconcile two quite different business models; and the decision to focus management objectives on reported revenues and earning rather than on the present value of future cash flows’ (Niskanen, 2005, p. 6).\r\n are they poor in decision making, or was the decision making adversely affected by other concerns and priorities outside of Enron that the results of the decision made for Enron looks like those who made the call did not even think about how this course of action will affect Enron? There are no sufficient proofs to point that the case was the latter; for a company that became seventh all in all in the Fortune viosterol at least once, it is unthinkable how there will be conscious efforts to sink the company by making wrong decisions, deliberately or not.\r\nThe point of the paper is not the assertion of the guild of Skilling, Lay or even Fastow, it’s the establishing of the point that decision making, when not handled properly, can turn even the most profitable company into a nose-diving wreck in a short period of time, that decision making plays an important role in how a person defines his or her life and how he or she leads a company and that because of these factors, no one should have an cut why decision making was taken quietly and without much thought or care. All the people can see is a group of people who made wrong decisions several times, the resulting web and how they got trap in that web, that is assuming that there was no malignity or hidden agenda that the bosses perpetrated in positioning of Enron’s collapse.\r\nIn the end, only Lay (now deceased) and t he elite group circle of the Enron executive clique will be the ones who would really know about the truth regarding ethics and the decision making in Enron leading to the collapse of the company. Many would ask, and some would presume, the reasons as well as the level of guilt of these leaders when it comes to breaching the ethical requirements indispensable when undertaking decision making for a company. Regardless, the decisions they made created far reaching ripples and altered the lives of many individuals who invested not just their time, strength and life’s nest egg into the company but as well as their but as well as their trustfulness and trust, which are not in shattered pieces because of the bad decisions that Enron executives made.\r\nCrawford (2006) further elaborated on the pointed by explaining that ‘bad decisions by a major company, however, cause major disruptions for all of the company’s stakeholders’. He pointed at the case of Enron a s one of his examples, saying that ‘the Enron disaster, as one example, certainly had devastating impacts on the lives of most of Enron employees (including the middle managers and professionals who invested in the company-sponsored Enron 401[K] plans) and also caused suffering for many individual investors who purchased Enron stock on the open market. Thousands of other Enron stakeholders, including Enron’s suppliers and customers, also suffered,’ (Crawford, 2006, p. 26). Indeed, Enron’s decision making had a hand in how the company morose out to be.\r\n'